BACKGROUND: The awareness of the elderly needs and assisting requirement should be added to education and preparedness disaster plans. In this study, we want to reach a comprehensive training program considering goals, objectives, time, budgeting, target group, syllabus, educational strategy, and teaching methods for CBOs interested and being served elders in disasters. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This qualitative study has been done via interviews with key informants in CBHOs and NGOs and the ministry of health agents in Iran. Besides, content analysis of the documents and instructions provided by the government to direct partnerships with NGOs was reviewed, and focus discussion group to conduct a deductive content analysis research. All data were analyzed with MAXQDA 18. RESULTS: Content analysis reached two main goals and seven objectives. The first goal refers to the fact that an educational program should direct not only subjects concerning disasters' effects on the aging population, but also discerning elders' different needs, giving priority to the supply of the basic needs of elders, and looking ahead the physical and mental problems of the elders. The second goal refers to relief skills that CBHOs stakeholders need to obtain for serving elders in a disaster through participating in various exercises. CONCLUSIONS: The results can guide community-based stakeholders in considering all the needs of the elderly during disasters and teaching all the syllabus of this research would reduce the adverse effects of disasters on the elderly.

Given the complexities of modern megacities, one of the most important issues for city managers is how to encourage and obtain residents’ cooperation in running the city. Two of the most important concepts in this regard are "Community involvement" and "neighborhood Sense of belonging". The managers of megacities have utilized two institutions, namely "the Neighborhood house" and 'City council" to encourage resident participation. The purpose of the present article is to check the role of community-based organization of neighborhoods in enhancing citizen sense of belonging to the neighborhood. This research was performed as a survey and its sample included 400 individuals from 4 neighborhoods in Tehran (khani abad, janat abad, ozgol, and hakimie). The ideas of Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Putnam were used in the development of theoretical framework. The results showed that the project of community-based organization- has been effective in reducing deviant behavior. This project has also been successful in creation of a sense of belonging among the residents and increasing their satisfaction with the neighborhood. The correlation coefficient of "Community-Based organization and Sense of responsibility" was 0.802 and that of " Community-Based organization and Social satisfaction” was 0.963 and of “Community- Based organization and Sense of responsibility was 0.693, all of which are considerably high.

Purpose: Authors intended to identify the main bases of local development and present a framework for better understanding of its theoretical process from the perspective of the activists in the community-based development process in Iran. Methodology: This qualitative research used the Grounded Theory method. Data were collected from deep interviews with community-based development activists in five successful case studies in Iran and then were analyzed. Findings: The results, validated by respondent validation and triangulation methods, demonstrate that local development with a community-based approach is appreciated by Iranian activists more of a human and social phenomenon than an economic, political, and environmental issue. Results also show that human capital is identified by concepts like accountability, proactiveness, and psychological empowerment rather than the common indicators emphasized by international organizations. Moreover, social capital and participation are evaluated by such concepts as positive relations, collective actions, positive norms, bridging social capital, and by institutionalization and mobilization of national resources. The final theoretical framework of the article shows that both human capital and social capital not only enhance local participation which can improve economic, political, and environmental indicators, but also are themselves promoted through the reinforcing loops and consequently can enable the ongoing running of the development engine. Originality: Despite the considerable literature existing on community-based development, the authors could not reach any published article involving relations among fundamental concepts of community-based development in Iran, nor did they come across a general understanding of its process by the relevant activists. The suggested framework in this paper well supports the understanding of the process.

This study aimed at designing a model for establishing a Community Based Organization (CBO) based on conditions, interactions and consequences in Keykha Village, Zabol Township, Sistan and Baluchistan Province. The research design was qualitative and used case study, which was carried out in 2014. The village of Keykha was the case study and the active memberships of local CBO were units of analysis. The samples were selected using purposive and snowball sampling method (n=16). Observation, in-depth interview and documents review were the main tools for data collection. Validity and reliability of the research were confirmed by using three methods in data collection, establishing a database and using interviewees’ opinions in completing the research report. Data analysis was performed in three steps: descriptive findings, counting keywords, and coding. According to the results, the local CBO establishment in Keykha in accordance with the Straus and Corbin’s paradigm model has been affected by the contextual, causative, and intervening conditions. Establishment of this CBO has paved the way for interactions among people with officials and provided people with consequences (including educational and learning, women’s empowerment, health and environmental, social and cosmopolitan, economic and rural construction, and psychological).

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Since formation first state that manage tribal form than modem state we can see in there organization of space and power. Political organization are studding about of space activate to physical and special division. While political organization of power interested to read about power distribution from center to around.In the ancient greek political organization of space based on a system of city- state that firstly emerged in Summeria state and slowly develop in Greek. Reading historical source we could not assumption that exist of geography factors example Rivers, mountains and gulfs cause the formation of city state. But system a city state should search in tribal and ethnic prejudiced. In ancient Iran in spite of exist different ethnic, extreme population and abroad territoriality political organization of space based on different satrap, that based on region difference thus federalism emerged in ancient Iran.